Bilberry

Introduction

Bilberry, scientifically known as Vaccinium myrtillus, is a small shrub native to Europe and North America. It produces dark blue to black berries that are similar in appearance to blueberries. Bilberry has a long history of medicinal use and is valued for its potential health benefits. This fact sheet provides essential information about bilberry, including its common names, uses, potential side effects, and resources for further information.

Common Names

• Bilberry
• European Blueberry
• Whortleberry
• Huckleberry

Latin Name

• Vaccinium myrtillus

Uses

Bilberry has been traditionally used for various medicinal purposes, including:

• Treating Diarrhea: Bilberry is known for its astringent properties, which may help alleviate diarrhea.
• Alleviating Menstrual Cramps: It has been used to relieve discomfort associated with menstrual cramps.
• Addressing Eye Problems: Bilberry is often associated with eye health, particularly for conditions like night blindness and general vision improvement.
• Managing Varicose Veins and Venous Insufficiency: The fruit is believed to support vascular health and improve circulation.
• Other Circulatory Issues: Bilberry may help with various circulatory problems due to its potential effects on blood vessels.

Additionally, bilberry leaves are used for different conditions, including diabetes, as they may help regulate blood sugar levels.

How It Is Used

The fruit of the bilberry plant can be consumed in several ways:

• Fresh Berries: Bilberries can be eaten directly as a nutritious snack.
• Extracts: Bilberry fruit is often made into extracts for use in supplements.
• Teas: The leaves can be dried and brewed into herbal teas, which may offer different health benefits.

Scientific Insights

While there are claims that bilberry fruit improves night vision, clinical studies have not substantiated this claim. Research on bilberry has produced mixed results, and overall, there is insufficient scientific evidence to support the use of bilberry fruit or leaves for any specific health conditions. Some studies suggest potential benefits for eye health and circulation, but more rigorous research is needed.

Side Effects and Cautions

Bilberry fruit is generally considered safe for consumption in moderate amounts. However, potential side effects may arise from high doses of bilberry leaves or leaf extracts, which may pose safety concerns due to potential toxic effects.

Cautions:

• It is important to inform healthcare providers about any complementary and alternative practices, including the use of bilberry, to ensure coordinated and safe care.
• Individuals with allergies to other berries or those taking medications, particularly blood thinners, should consult a healthcare professional before using bilberry supplements.

Resources

• Bilberry. Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database.
• Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus). Natural Standard Database.
• Bilberry Fruit. In: Blumenthal M, et al. Herbal Medicine: Expanded Commission E Monographs.
• NCCAM National Institutes of Health.

This summary highlights the key aspects of bilberry, including its traditional uses, potential benefits, and safety considerations. As with any herbal remedy, it is important to approach its use with caution and seek professional guidance when necessary.