Horsetail herb

Introduction

This fact sheet provides essential information about horsetail, a plant native to Europe, North America, North Africa, and northern Asia. Horsetail is classified as a pteridophyte, which means it is more closely related to ferns than to flowering plants. This unique plant produces visible spore sacs from March through September, marking its reproductive period. Typically, horsetail is a small, deep-rooted, rush-like perennial that grows to about 0.3 meters in height. It features hollow, pointed stems and scale-like leaves, but notably, it does not produce flowers. Horsetail thrives in moist, shady areas, making it a common sight in wetlands and along riverbanks.

Common Names

Horsetail is known by several common names, including:

• Horsetail
• Bottle Brush
• Scouring Rush
• Shave Grass
• Dutch Rush
• Pewterwort

Latin Names

The scientific name for horsetail is Equisetum arvense.

What It Is Used For

Horsetail has a variety of traditional uses, including:

• Diuretic: Often used for kidney and bladder ailments.
• Astringent: Applied to stop bleeding and stimulate healing.
• Antitubercular: Historically used in the treatment of tuberculosis.
• Cosmetic Ingredient: Incorporated into various cosmetic products.

Due to these uses, it is essential to note that clinical trials supporting these applications are lacking.

How It Is Used

Horsetail can be consumed in several forms:

Tea Preparation

To prepare horsetail tea:

1. Pour boiled water over 2 to 3 grams of horsetail herb.
2. Cook for five minutes.
3. Strain after letting it steep for 10 to 15 minutes.

It is recommended to drink this tea during the day between meals.

Infusion for Internal Use

An infusion can be made by:

1. Adding 1.5 grams of horsetail herb to 1 cup of boiling water.
2. Letting it steep for 30 to 40 minutes.

Dosages

• Internal Use: 6 g daily (as recommended by the German Commission E monograph).
• Herbal Infusion: 4 oz three times daily.
• Tincture (1:5): 1 to 4 mL three times daily.
• External Use (Compresses): 10 g of herb per 1 liter of water daily.

What the Science Says

Research has not provided substantial animal or clinical data supporting the diuretic effects of horsetail. Historical claims regarding horsetail’s effectiveness in treating urological disorders, tuberculosis, or enhancing wound healing have not been confirmed or disproved. This lack of scientific validation highlights the need for further research in these areas.

Side Effects and Cautions

The FDA classifies horsetail as an herb of undefined safety. Some important considerations include:

• Toxicity: Ingesting large amounts of horsetail may be toxic. There have been reports of children being poisoned by using the stems as blowguns or whistles.
• Thiaminase Content: Crude horsetail contains the enzyme thiaminase, which can destroy the B-vitamin thiamine, potentially leading to deficiencies if consumed in large quantities.

Conclusion

Horsetail is a versatile plant with a rich history of traditional uses, particularly in herbal medicine. However, the lack of robust scientific evidence supporting its efficacy and safety necessitates caution. As with any herbal remedy, it is advisable to consult with a healthcare professional before use, especially for those with underlying health conditions or those taking other medications.